1: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 02:59:57.87 ID:???.net
掲載日：2015年2月7日
http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=int_30&k=2015020700227
宇宙が約１３８億年前にビッグバンで誕生した後、
初期の星や銀河が放つ光が自由に進まず、望遠鏡で観測できない
「暗黒時代」は約５億５０００万年後まで続いた可能性が高いと、
国際研究チームが７日までに発表した。欧州宇宙機関
（ＥＳＡ）の天文衛星プランクが観測した成果で、
米衛星ＷＭＡＰの観測に基づく従来の推定より約１億年長いという。
http://www.jiji.com/jc/c?g=int_30&k=2015020700227
宇宙が約１３８億年前にビッグバンで誕生した後、
初期の星や銀河が放つ光が自由に進まず、望遠鏡で観測できない
「暗黒時代」は約５億５０００万年後まで続いた可能性が高いと、
国際研究チームが７日までに発表した。欧州宇宙機関
（ＥＳＡ）の天文衛星プランクが観測した成果で、
米衛星ＷＭＡＰの観測に基づく従来の推定より約１億年長いという。
宇宙誕生の推定時期は２０１３年に、ＷＭＡＰの観測に基づく約１３７億年前から、
プランクの観測に基づく約１３８億年前に更新された。
今回の成果で、宇宙の歴史がまた書き換えられる可能性が出てきた。
2: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:00:27.69 ID:???.net
<画像>（いずれもsci-news.comより転載）
A summary of the 13.8 billion year history of the Universe, showing in particular the events that contributed to
the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The processes depicted range from inflation, the brief era of accelerated
expansion that the Universe underwent when it was a tiny fraction of a second old, to the release of the CMB,
the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the cosmos was just 380,000 years old; and from the
Dark Ages to the birth of the first stars and galaxies, which reionized the Universe when it was a few hundred
million years old, all the way to the present time. Tiny quantum fluctuations generated during the inflationary
epoch are the seeds of future structure: the stars and galaxies of today. After the end of inflation, dark matter
particles started to clump around these cosmic seeds, slowly building a cosmic web of structures. Later, after
the release of the CMB, normal matter started to fall into these structures, eventually giving rise to stars and galaxies.
The inserts below show a zoomed-in view on some of the microscopic processes taking place during cosmic history:
from the tiny fluctuations generated during inflation, to the dense soup of light and particles that filled
the early Universe; from the last scattering of light off electrons, which gave rise to the CMB and its polarization,
to the reionization of the Universe, caused by the first stars and galaxies, which induced additional polarization
on the CMB. Image credit: ESA.
A visualization of the polarization of the CMB, as detected by Planck. The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in
our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations
that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars
and galaxies of today. A small fraction of the CMB is polarized – it vibrates in a preferred direction. This is a
result of the last encounter of this light with electrons, just before starting its cosmic journey. For this reason,
the polarization of the CMB retains information about the distribution of matter in the early Universe, and its pattern
on the sky follows that of the tiny fluctuations observed in the temperature of the CMB. In these images, the color scale
represents temperature differences in the CMB, while the texture indicates the direction of the polarized light.
The patterns seen in the texture are characteristic of E-mode polarization, which is the dominant type for the CMB.
The large oval shows the CMB polarization as seen by Planck on the entire sky. For the sake of illustration, both data
sets have been filtered to show mostly the signal detected on scales around 5° on the sky. However, fluctuations in
both the CMB temperature and polarization are present and were observed by Planck also on larger as well as
smaller angular scales. To provide a taste of the fine structure of the measurement obtained by Planck, a zoomed-in
view on a smaller patch of the sky, measuring 20° across, is also provided on the left. This is first shown with
the same filtering as the all-sky image (upper frame), then with a different filter that shows mostly the signal
detected on angles on the sky of about 20 arcminutes (lower frame). Image credit: ESA / Planck Collaboration.
A summary of the 13.8 billion year history of the Universe, showing in particular the events that contributed to
the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The processes depicted range from inflation, the brief era of accelerated
expansion that the Universe underwent when it was a tiny fraction of a second old, to the release of the CMB,
the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the cosmos was just 380,000 years old; and from the
Dark Ages to the birth of the first stars and galaxies, which reionized the Universe when it was a few hundred
million years old, all the way to the present time. Tiny quantum fluctuations generated during the inflationary
epoch are the seeds of future structure: the stars and galaxies of today. After the end of inflation, dark matter
particles started to clump around these cosmic seeds, slowly building a cosmic web of structures. Later, after
the release of the CMB, normal matter started to fall into these structures, eventually giving rise to stars and galaxies.
The inserts below show a zoomed-in view on some of the microscopic processes taking place during cosmic history:
from the tiny fluctuations generated during inflation, to the dense soup of light and particles that filled
the early Universe; from the last scattering of light off electrons, which gave rise to the CMB and its polarization,
to the reionization of the Universe, caused by the first stars and galaxies, which induced additional polarization
on the CMB. Image credit: ESA.
A visualization of the polarization of the CMB, as detected by Planck. The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in
our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations
that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars
and galaxies of today. A small fraction of the CMB is polarized – it vibrates in a preferred direction. This is a
result of the last encounter of this light with electrons, just before starting its cosmic journey. For this reason,
the polarization of the CMB retains information about the distribution of matter in the early Universe, and its pattern
on the sky follows that of the tiny fluctuations observed in the temperature of the CMB. In these images, the color scale
represents temperature differences in the CMB, while the texture indicates the direction of the polarized light.
The patterns seen in the texture are characteristic of E-mode polarization, which is the dominant type for the CMB.
The large oval shows the CMB polarization as seen by Planck on the entire sky. For the sake of illustration, both data
sets have been filtered to show mostly the signal detected on scales around 5° on the sky. However, fluctuations in
both the CMB temperature and polarization are present and were observed by Planck also on larger as well as
smaller angular scales. To provide a taste of the fine structure of the measurement obtained by Planck, a zoomed-in
view on a smaller patch of the sky, measuring 20° across, is also provided on the left. This is first shown with
the same filtering as the all-sky image (upper frame), then with a different filter that shows mostly the signal
detected on angles on the sky of about 20 arcminutes (lower frame). Image credit: ESA / Planck Collaboration.
3: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:01:06.83 ID:???.net
<参照>
Universe’s First Stars Appeared 100 Million Years Later than Thought | Astronomy | Sci-News.com
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-universes-first-stars-100-million-years-later-than-thought-02469.html
Planck reveals first stars were born late / Planck / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck/Planck_reveals_first_stars_were_born_late
arXiv.org Search Results - Planck 2015 results
http://lanl.arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+results+AND+Planck+2015/0/1/0/all/0/1
Universe’s First Stars Appeared 100 Million Years Later than Thought | Astronomy | Sci-News.com
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-universes-first-stars-100-million-years-later-than-thought-02469.html
Planck reveals first stars were born late / Planck / Space Science / Our Activities / ESA
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck/Planck_reveals_first_stars_were_born_late
arXiv.org Search Results - Planck 2015 results
http://lanl.arxiv.org/find/all/1/all:+AND+results+AND+Planck+2015/0/1/0/all/0/1
5: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:09:31.96 t
あちゃー
教科書がまた書き換わるわ
教科書がまた書き換わるわ
7: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:11:32.29 t
宇宙暗黒時代
小学生男子が好きそうなネーミングだなｗ
小学生男子が好きそうなネーミングだなｗ
8: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:25:02.34 t
光が進まないところの時間というのは普通じゃないわけだろ？
認知症で、一日が一瞬でおわるおれにも説明してくれ。
時間てなに？？
認知症で、一日が一瞬でおわるおれにも説明してくれ。
時間てなに？？
11: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 03:34:41.10 t
>>8
宇宙の密度が高すぎて光が通らなかった時代があったというだけ
時間の進みかたはふつう
宇宙の密度が高すぎて光が通らなかった時代があったというだけ
時間の進みかたはふつう
47: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 21:02:51.24 t
>>11
時間の進み方はかなりいい加減。年、月、週、日、時、分、秒。単位と積の順序。ましてや、秒は取り方自由みたいだし。
時間の進み方はかなりいい加減。年、月、週、日、時、分、秒。単位と積の順序。ましてや、秒は取り方自由みたいだし。
12: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 04:08:46.44 t
全く意味がわからない…
誰か分かりやすく例えてくれ
誰か分かりやすく例えてくれ
13: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 04:13:23.85 t
>宇宙が約１３８億年前にビッグバンで誕生した
嘘つくなよ
嘘つくなよ
28: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 10:35:00.62 t
>>13
５００億とかという数字は
宇宙の半径の憶測だろ。単位は光年だけど。
ましてやブラックホールの外に有る地球が宇宙の中心であるはずがないし。
５００億とかという数字は
宇宙の半径の憶測だろ。単位は光年だけど。
ましてやブラックホールの外に有る地球が宇宙の中心であるはずがないし。
14: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 04:18:31.13 t
進まない光ってなんだ？
どんなじょうたい？
単に存在出来なかった？
どんなじょうたい？
単に存在出来なかった？
15: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 04:47:37.69 t
130億とか５００億とか誤差が酷いんだから
ざっくり200億年前って言えよ。
細かく１３８億とか言ってたら信用してしまうだろ？
ざっくり200億年前って言えよ。
細かく１３８億とか言ってたら信用してしまうだろ？
16: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 05:04:20.83 t
地質学ですら300億万年前のことが載ってるので
138億年前ってまだ若いねってレベルなんだろうか
138億年前ってまだ若いねってレベルなんだろうか
33: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 13:27:48.98 t
宇宙の膨張速度が加速しとるとかいうけど、今の膨張速度はビッグバン直後のよりも速いの？
39: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 19:21:12.34 t
太陽みたいなのが出来るまで光すら無いわけだから光ってない時代があるのは当たり前だろ馬鹿が
45: 名無しさん 2015/02/08(日) 20:32:16.34 t
>>39
んなことないよ。
原初の光はあるよ。
恒星に寄らずとも
んなことないよ。
原初の光はあるよ。
恒星に寄らずとも
55: 名無しさん 2015/02/09(月) 08:42:14.96 t
中心もないよ
観測すると全部一様に広がってる
強いて言えば地球を中心にみんな離れていってる
でも地球が中心ではなくて、火星から観測しても木星から観測しても
どこから観測してもそこを中心に同じようにみんな離れていく
観測すると全部一様に広がってる
強いて言えば地球を中心にみんな離れていってる
でも地球が中心ではなくて、火星から観測しても木星から観測しても
どこから観測してもそこを中心に同じようにみんな離れていく
57: 名無しさん 2015/02/09(月) 10:01:57.48 t
そもそも光すら進めない状態の時に
時間という概念があったのかすら疑問に思う
時間という概念があったのかすら疑問に思う
61: 名無しさん 2015/02/09(月) 11:27:51.43 t
>>57
時間とはエネルギーの移動だから１ｍｍでも移動、変化したら時間は過ぎてると言える
逆に言えば時間が無い、止まってるというのは全てが静止している世界
逆に言えば動いてたらそれはもう時間が流れてる
時間とはエネルギーの移動だから１ｍｍでも移動、変化したら時間は過ぎてると言える
逆に言えば時間が無い、止まってるというのは全てが静止している世界
逆に言えば動いてたらそれはもう時間が流れてる
引用元: ・【宇宙論】宇宙暗黒時代、１億年長い？＝星や銀河観測できない時期 - プランク観測成果
